![]() Unlike pidgins, creoles have fully developed vocabulary and patterned grammar. Ī pidgin differs from a creole, which is the first language of a speech community of native speakers that at one point arose from a pidgin. Each pidgin has its own norms of usage which must be learned for proficiency in the pidgin. However, not all simplified or "unsophisticated" forms of a language are pidgins. Pidgins have historically been considered a form of patois, unsophisticated simplified versions of their lexifiers, and as such usually have low prestige with respect to other languages. ![]() As the lexicon of any pidgin will be limited to core vocabulary, words with only a specific meaning in the lexifier language may acquire a completely new (or additional) meaning in the pidgin. Ī pidgin may be built from words, sounds, or body language from a multitude of languages as well as onomatopoeia. A pidgin is not the native language of any speech community, but is instead learned as a second language. Linguists do not typically consider pidgins as full or complete languages.įundamentally, a pidgin is a simplified means of linguistic communication, as it is constructed impromptu, or by convention, between individuals or groups of people. It is most commonly employed in situations such as trade, or where both groups speak languages different from the language of the country in which they reside (but where there is no common language between the groups). There are no estimates of number of speakers for many of them.A pidgin / ˈ p ɪ dʒ ɪ n/, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages. Four of them are extinct and many are in the process of disappearing. ![]() It continued in use until about the end of the 19th century, when the Chinese started to switch to standard English.Įthnologue lists 18 pidgins used around the world. Its use spread from master-servant relationships to those between English and Chinese traders and bureaucrats. Chinese Pidgin English ( Chinglish), developed in the 17th century in Canton (Guandong), China,and survived for almost three centuries. The same is true of Pidgin French which disappeared from Vietnam after the French left the country. For instance, Pidgin Russian spoken in Manchuria disappeared when Russian settlers left China after World War II. They disappear when the reason for communication diminishes, as communities either move apart, one community learns the language of the other, or both communities learn a common language (usually the official language of the country). There are other theories about the origin of the term.īecause of their limited function, pidgin languages usually do not last very long, rarely more than several decades. The word, first attested in print in 1850, is thought to be the Chinese mispronunciation of the English word business. ![]() The term pidgin has nothing to do with birds. A good example of a non-European pidgin is the Chinook Jargon that was once used by American Indians and European traders in the Pacific Northwest. However, there are also pidgins spoken in parts of Africa, South America, and southeast Asia that are based on languages other than those of the colonial powers. For example, the establishment of plantation economies in the Caribbean, with large groups of slaves from different language backgrounds who came from West Africa, gave rise to a number of pidgins based on English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Portuguese. The major languages are usually the languages of the former major colonial powers, such as English, French, and Portuguese. Usually a pidgin language is a blend of the vocabulary of one major language with the grammar of one or more other languages. Nobody speaks a pidgin as their first language. Pidgins are “on-the-spot” languages that develop when people with no common language come into contact with each other.
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